Understanding Heart Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Overview
Heart arrhythmias occur when the heartbeat becomes irregular, whether too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or erratic. These disruptions are due to issues in the heart's electrical system. Common arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation (AFib), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and bradycardia.
Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent type, causing rapid and irregular heartbeats from the atria. Symptoms can include palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue, and it increases the risk of stroke and heart failure. Ventricular tachycardia features rapid heartbeats in the ventricles and can be dangerous, potentially leading to sudden cardiac arrest if not addressed. Bradycardia involves slow heart rates, which can result in fatigue and fainting due to insufficient blood flow.
Arrhythmias may be caused by coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, excessive alcohol or caffeine intake, and genetic factors. Treatment depends on the arrhythmia's type and severity, and may involve medications, lifestyle changes, catheter ablation, or devices like pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Effective management requires ongoing monitoring and prompt medical care.