Anandamath is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. It is inspired by and set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature. Its first English publication was titled The Abbey of Bliss.Vande Mataram, "Hail to the Bengal Motherland ", first song to represent Bengal – as the Motherland was published in this novel.
The book is set in the years during the famine in Bengal in 1770 It starts with introduction to a couple, Mahendra and Kalyani, who are stuck at their village Padachinha without food and water in the times of famine. They decide to leave their village and move to the next closest city where there is a better chance of survival. During the course of events, the couple gets separated and Kalyani has to run through the forest with her infant to avoid getting caught by robbers. After a long chase, she loses consciousness at the bank of a river. A Hindu “Santana”( who were not true sanyasis but common people who took the symbol of sanyasis and left their household so as to rebel against the British East India Company), Jiban took the daughter to his home handing her to his sister while he shifted Kalyani to his ashram.