An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) machine is a vital medical device used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting the electrical impulses generated by the polarization and depolarization of cardiac tissue, which cause the heart to contract and pump blood. These impulses are captured through electrodes attached to the skin at various points on the body, typically on the chest, arms, and legs.
The electrodes transmit the electrical signals to the ECG machine, where they are amplified and recorded. The resulting data is displayed as a series of waves on a monitor or printed on paper. Each wave represents a different phase of the heart's electrical cycle: the P wave indicates atrial contraction, the QRS complex represents ventricular contraction, and the T wave shows ventricular relaxation.
By analyzing the shape and timing of these waves, healthcare professionals can diagnose a wide range of heart conditions, including arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other cardiac abnormalities. Modern ECG machines often come with advanced features like digital storage, automated interpretation, and wireless connectivity, making them essential tools in both routine check-ups and emergency care.